Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, currently affects more than 6 million people in the U.S. and is projected to nearly double to 13 million by 2050. The clinical trajectory of dementia is considered as a continuum that may…

Type I diabetes occurs when the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells (Islets of Langerhans) in the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar. Insulin, a hormone, enables glucose to cross from the bloodstream into cells where glucose is…

Aluminum has been known to enhance immune responses since 1926. Although its presence in vaccines has led to scrutiny and questions, studies over the last two decades have not identified health concerns related to quantity or route of…

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder that causes an overwhelming urge to move the limbs, especially the legs, and can adversely affect sleep and quality of life. The urge to move the legs is often accompanied by uncomfortable…

Methamphetamine, sometimes called meth, ice, speed, or crystal, is a highly addictive stimulant. Illegally manufactured methamphetamine is usually smoked but may be taken by injection, snorting, oral ingestion, or rectal administration. In…

As anyone who has raised kids knows, kids (and some adults) can be finicky eaters. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by avoidance of specific foods and/or restriction of food intake. ARFID has…

A 63-year-old woman with psoriatic arthritis involving her knees presented to the rheumatology clinic with a 9-month history of worsening left knee pain and swelling. Her psoriatic arthritis had recently been well controlled with leflunomide and…

The uvea makes up the middle part of the eye and includes the iris (eye color ring), ciliary body (eye focusing muscles), and the choroid (blood supply). Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, and it is associated with up to 10% of visual…

Diverticulosis is a condition where outpouchings form in the intestinal wall, usually involving the left-side of the large intestine, or colon. Risk factors for diverticulosis include being older than 65 years, obesity (body mass index [BMI] of…

Over the years, the nature of lung cancers associated with cigarette smoking has changed. Once, most people who smoked used unfiltered cigarettes which caused the smoker to inhale larger particles that lodged in the main bronchi and caused tumors…